Protel 99 is an improved version of Protel 98 the Protel circuit drawing software to the latest version. Protel 99 has inherited the Protel.
98 all the advantages of the new features so that the whole circuit design faster and more convenient. Protel 99 and. .
Protel98 in addition to document management in different ways, their menus, dialog boxes are basically the same functionality. For readers familiar with Protel 98, as long as the master Protel.
99 document management, can in a very short time learn to use Protel 99. From a practical application perspective, Protel 98 of file management and Protel. .
1. .x file management is the same for mastering the Protel 1. .x reader, conditional If you familiarize yourself with Protel 98, then from Protel.
98 transition to the Protel 99, Protel 99 that will be easier to learn. As the Protel 99 and Protel. .
98 in the actual drawing aspects of many operations are the same, this article presents Protel 99 main file management methods and basic instructions to get Protel.
1. . X and Protel98 readers can more easily transition to the Protel 99. .
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Protel 99 of file management. .
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Protel 99 before the Protel software, drawing schematics and layout, is made up of different software. The Protel 99 is an integrated development environment, Protel.
99 is based on a variety of file name suffix of the database file ddb. We can create a new database file, in the new database file in all his schematics, printed layout and library files; also. .
Create different database files in a different database file in the new own different schematics, Indian territory and library files. But it is important to note that the schematic diagram file and print layout files you must create a new file in the same database.
The folder, so as to more easily apply Protel. .
The biggest feature of 99 – schematic diagram and Indian territory synchronization design. The following is specific to talk about the new database file, the schematic diagram files, print layout files and library files, and add a library file.
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1. create a new database file, the schematic diagram file Protel 99 first startup, enter not open any file interface, you will find the Protel.
99 Note the main menu in Chinese, which English is not very good readers are very favorable. Then execute the menu command File / New, the pop-up New Database File dialog box, this dialog box. .
Location page of the Database File.
Name (database file name) corresponding to the name "MyDesign.. Ddb" (my design.. Ddb), point "Browse.." Button, another pop-up dialog box to save the file path will be. .
This dialog box by the filename column of MyDesign changed to Chinese name: "my circuit design", and then select the path, click the "Save" button, so that the new database file dialog box.
The "Database File Name corresponding to the name has been changed to" my circuit. . Ddb ", and also in the Database to..
See cation program of your choice for the path, this time, simply press the "OK" button, you create and open a "my circuit design .ddb" database files. You can see in the "I..
Circuit design. ddb "folder, the following three icons, namely Design Team (design team), Recycle..
Bin (recycle bin), Documents (folder). Double-click the "Document", open the Document folder, see this folder in the following empty. Carry out a menu command.
File / New, in the New File Type dialog box that pops up in the Document page in points Schematic. .
Document icon, and then point "OK" button to create a new one called "sheet1" schematic file icon. In order to Protel 99 before and. ..
Protel software is compatible with the file name, it's easy to view the file, the "Sheet1" renamed "sheet1.sch", double-click the "sheet..
1. .sch "schematic diagram file icon to open the sheet1. schematic diagram of the .sch files. If the left-hand Design Manager does not appear, you carry out a menu command View/Design.
manager, design manager appeared. The design manager is a multi-manager, points Explorer and Browse. .
Sch of two pages. Point the "Explorer" page is the project manager, click the "Browse sch" page appears a schematic diagram Manager. If you point to Browse.
Browse block sch page drop-down arrow and select "Libraries", then there's is the component library manager. .
2. Add a library file (schematic diagram) point symbol library manager's "Add/Remove. button to eject Change Library File List" dialog box, you can add a library file.
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Note: Protel 99 library files also exist in the database file, Protel.
Add the library file 99 is actually add the database file, and each database file in a number of library files are included. If you want to add the principle of Protel 99 library file, "Change..
Library File List "dialog of the file type must be a (*. .ddb), found in the search path for the block Design.
Explorer \ Library \ sch \ Miscellaneous. .
Devices. .ddb database file, select it, click "Add" button, you can see the selected files to the file chooser, and then point "OK" button to add the database file.
To the component library manager, select a database file, the corresponding components listed in the Library Manager on the following separation device library, then you can select components for placement and drawings, and specific principles drawn . .
Plan of actions and draw schematics Protel 98 is basically the same operation. Protel 99 or you can directly add a lower version of Protel library file, simply add the "Change.
Library File List "dialog box, the file type is set to (*.. Lib), and then find in the search block to add the library file, and then you can add in...
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3. New print layout file. .
Point Document folders, return to the Document folder, perform the menu command File/New, pop-up a new file type dialog box, in the new file type dialog box.
Document page in points PCB. .
Document icon, and click the OK button, then create a "map" of Indian PCB1 file icon "PCB1" renamed "sheet1!.
PCB ", double-click the" sheet1. . PCB "icon, it opens the file sheet11.PCB Indian territory. Can be seen from Figure 2, the new schematic file and print out the map file is an icon..
Now, double-click a different icon, you can open different file, open the file in the drawing area, which makes the whole drawing area a number of blocks of the page, the page name is an open file.
Name. Point different page file name, you can change display a different file. If you want to close open files, use the mouse arrow points to the page file name, do the right / Close to close the paper can. .
Pieces.
4. . Add the library files (Indian territory) Protel 99 Indian territory to add library of documents and schematic library files to add the same way, Protel. .
99-Indian territory where the isolate the component library is database path: Explorer\Library\Pcb\Generic Design.
Footprints \ Advpcb. ddb. .
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New schematic document, plate library of documents and new schematics, printed layout is basically the same way. This article describes a database in the new file to all schematics to build their own, Indian territory and the library files. .
Method, then, in the circuit design of the "I." under the .ddb file database simply perform the menu command File/New, you can create different file types, preferably in the circuit design of the "I.".. .ddb
According to the new library under the first few folders, these folders will be renamed as the number of circuit name, a principle of library library name and a name plate, and then name the folder in the circuit schematic to create a new file and a printed . .
Map file, the name of the folder in Protel and plate gallery name folders according to their own needs, create a new one or more of the principle of the Gallery file and printed version of the Gallery file, if a circuit is composed of several modules, then.
Circuit name in the new folder and then more folders, these folders as the name of the folder unit circuit, the circuit again in the name of these units to create a new folder, file and schematic layout of a printed document. Here. .
Note: new types of files, the path must be clear and must not be confused, or draw plans too much, they are difficult to find, and you want to stick to the bottom of a folder only create a schematic diagram.
File and a printed map of its principles, such operation schematic and layout of the synchronous design India, is relatively simple. If you want to add your own library files and plate theory library files, just in the schematic drawing and printing plates. .
Figure, in accordance with Protel.
99 ways to add library files to "My circuit design.. Ddb" database file to the component library manager can be, and in the drawing of the schematic principle of adding the library, the drawing is added to the territory of India India. .
Version of Gallery, will not occur in the database file is wrong, even if there are schematics and layout file, does not affect the library files are added.
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Protel 99 schematic diagram design printed map of synchronization.
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1. circuit design new ideas in the computer age has not been universal, design schematics and layout are hand-made drawing, drawing a schematic diagram as long as there are no errors, and generally does not change, and then follow the schematic sketch by hand.
System of the Indian territory. The spirit of this circuit design is commendable, the idea is not desirable. In fact, we can also change the schematic and layout printing. To know, to do a little schematic changes, as long as the circuit does not affect the function. .
For the Indian territory of design brings great convenience. At the same time changing the schematic diagram and the benefits of Indian territory is: If the circuit is designed for single-panel, jumper will be reduced if the circuit design for a pair of panels, wiring density will be reduced.
Low. Now a new circuit design ideas are: schematic diagram is based on Indian territory alignment is simple and reasonable to change, and not just change the connection schematic elements, sometimes Indian territory in order to reduce the wiring density. .
Even some of the components have to be replaced, especially with SCM, PLD circuit design, the more the circuit design of new ideas.
With Protel. .
99 drawing schematics and layout, so that the new idea of circuit design has been fully played: schematic diagram and Indian territory synchronization design. Protel。.
99 Protel software before, complete with a schematic drawing, you must build the network table file, mapping the territory of India only in accordance with the network table file, the corresponding schematic component library component plate transferred before packaging. .
Continue drawing, layout of the network relationship is "numbered network relations"; with Protel.
99 draw a good diagram, but also generate network table file, but the most simple way is to use synchronous device, you can file the schematic component library elements corresponding to the plate transferred to the printed map package file, components property can be. .
Bi-directional changes by the Synchronizer, symbol pin connection relationship can change the schematics, printed by the Synchronizer to change. The Indian territory of network relationships is the ' PIN-network relationship "as a result, with Protel.
99 Synchronizer, you can replace the previous Protel 99 Protel software. Protel. .
99 Protel software before, drawn a diagram, you must generate a network table file, which you need to complete a series of complex operations. The use of Protel.
Synchronizer 99 will enable circuit design into a new field, greatly reducing circuit design cycle. .
2. schematic diagram and the Indian territory of synchronous design with Protel 99 first draw a schematic diagram and schematic symbol properties to the appropriate location to add the map component packaging printed with Protel 99 drawing schematics and draw 98 with Protel schematic diagram operation is almost the same.
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Execute a single command PCB Design Update. (PCB), if there are no new India map file, Proel.
And 99 will automatically open a new schematic map name corresponding to the printed document, the pop-up Update Design (updated design) dialog box, point the bottom left of this dialog box Preview. .
Change (view changes) button, the dialog box Changes the page again. From this page can be.
# Posted by Who I blow dry your hair @ 2005-05-26 12:25 Comments (0). .
2005-5-25 (Wednesday), sunny and Wednesday.
1, PCB through-hole technology overview. .
Through-hole (via) is a multilayer PCB, an important part of the cost of drilling is usually covers the cost of PCB Board making 30% to 40%. Simply put, PCB every hole can be described as a hole.
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From the role, through-hole can be divided into two types:.
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One is for electrical connection between layers; 2 is for a fixed device or location. If the process on from the process, these vias generally divided into three categories, namely, blind holes (blind..
Via), buried hole (buried via) and through hole (through.
via). Blind hole in the top and bottom surface of printed circuit boards, has a certain depth, for the line and below the inner surface of the connection lines, the depth of the hole is usually no more than a certain ratio (aperture). Buried holes are means natural closed. .
In the printed circuit board connection holes in the inner layer, it does not extend to the circuit board surface. Both types of holes are located in the lining of the circuit board, laminated front use vias forming process is completed, the hole process may also overlap to some.
A lining. The third is called through-hole, this hole through the entire circuit board can be used to achieve interconnection or as a component within the installation of positioning holes. As the hole in the craft easier to achieve low cost, so most of the printed circuit. .
Circuit Board are used instead of two hole. Following the hole, there is no special instructions, will be considered as a through hole. From a design perspective, a hole is mainly composed of two parts, one is in the center of the drill hole.
(Drill..
Hole), the second is drilling around the pad area, see the following figure. This two-part size determines the size of the hole. Obviously, in the high-speed, high-density PCB design, designers always want a hole, the smaller the better.
This can leave more of the wiring board space, in addition, smaller vias, the parasitic capacitance of its own smaller, more suitable for high-speed circuit. However, the decrease of pore size also brings increased costs, but not the size of vias. .
May be unlimited, it by drilling (drill) and electroplating (plating) technology limitations: the smaller the drill hole takes longer, but also more easily from a central location; and when the hole.
Drilling depth of more than 6 times the diameter, the hole wall can not guarantee uniform copper plating. For example, now a normal one 6 layer PCB board thickness (hole depth) is about to 50Mil, so manufacturers can provide PCB drilling. .
Hole diameter minimum can only achieve 8Mil. 9S9。.
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Parasitic capacitance of the hole hole itself exists on the parasitic capacitance, if known the hole in the floor ground isolation hole diameter D2, through-hole pads diameter D1, PCB thickness T, plate substrate permittivity for. ..
ε, then through holes the size of the parasitic capacitance is similar: C = 1. .41 ΕTD1 / (D2-D1) through the hole caused by the parasitic capacitance of the circuit will give the main effect is to extend the signal rise time, reduce the circuit speed. .
Degrees. For example, for a thickness of PCB 50Mil, if you use RADIUS for 10Mil, diameter of the hole, 20Mil pads and onto copper distance for 32Mil, us.
The above formula can be calculated through holes similar to the parasitic capacitance generally: C = 1. .41 X4. .4 X0. .050 X0. .020 / (0. .032-0. .020) = 0. .517 PF, this part. .
Capacitance caused rise time variations: T10-90 = 2. .2C (Z0/2) = 2. .2x0. .517x (55/2) = 31. .28ps.
As can be seen from these values, even though the individual through the hole caused by the parasitic capacitance increases the effectiveness of extension of slowing down is not very obvious, but if the alignment of multiple vias for switching between layers, designers still have to carefully consider. .
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Through-hole of parasitic inductance in the same way, through-hole exists parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance also exist, in high-speed digital circuit design, through-hole of parasitic inductance losses are often greater than the effect of parasitic capacitance. Its parasitic series.
Inductance bypass capacitor will reduce the contribution of the filter reduced the effectiveness of the entire power system. We can use the following formula to calculate a simple approximation of the parasitic electrical vias. .
Sense: L = 5. .08h [ln (4h/d) + 1] in which L means through-hole inductors, h are the length of the hole, d is the diameter of the center hole. As can be seen from the type, through-hole diameter on the inductance, and. ..
The greatest impact on the inductance is the length of vias. Still use the above example, you can calculate the inductance of vias. .
By: L = 5. .08x0. .050 [ln (4x0. .050/0. .010) + 1] = 1. .015nH.
If the signal's rise time is 1ns, then the equivalent impedance of size: XL = πL/T10-90 = 3. .19 Ω. This impedance in a high-frequency current can no longer be ignored by, in particular injection. .
Italy, bypass capacitor in connection of the power and formation of needs through two hole, the hole of the parasitic inductance is multiplied...
4. High-speed PCB design in the through-hole vias through the parasitic characteristics of the face analysis, we can see that in high-speed PCB design, often deceptively simple through hole design of the circuit will bring a negative effect. To reduce the parasitic vias adverse effects can be as far as possible in the design:. .
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From cost and quality of the signal, select both consider reasonable size of through-hole size. For example, on 6-10 layers PCB design of memory modules, the selection of 10/20Mil (drilling/pads) for through-hole better.
Some small-size high-density board, you can also try using 8/18Mil vias. Under current technology, it is difficult to use a smaller size than hole up. For the power or ground vias can consider using a larger scale. .
Inch to reduce resistance.
2. The two discussed above formula can be drawn, the PCB board using thin help reduce the parasitic parameters of the two vias. 3. PCB board signal traces as far as possible without changing the layer that is as far as possible not to use unnecessary vias. .
4. power and ground pins to the nearest beat through-hole, the hole and PIN between the leader as short as possible, which can result in an increase of inductance. At the same time, power and lead to as much as possible, to reduce resistance.
5. Change in the signal layer through holes placed near the ground over a number of holes in order to provide the latest signal circuit. PCB board can even put some of the extra large number of ground vias. .
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Of course, you need at design time. Previously discussed hole model is both per layer pads, sometimes we can add some layer pads to reduce or even remove it. Especially in the through-hole density very large.
Cases, may lead to the formation of a copper layer in shop cut off circuit breaker tank, to solve this problem in addition to moving the location of vias, we can also consider laying off hole in the copper layer of the pad size decreases. .
